Film Terms 2 - Camera & Lighting

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Composition and mise en scène (mise-en-scene)

film vs. digital cinematography single camera vs. multiple camera

Film stock:

  • fast film stock
  • slow film stock
  • film grain
  • film emulsion

Film gauge:

  • 8 mm film
  • 16 mm film
  • 35 mm film
  • 70 mm film

Projection formats (aspect ratio):

  • 1.33:1 (16 mm, silent)
  • 1.37:1 (Academy)
  • 1.66:1 (European)
  • 1.85:1 (widescreen)
  • 2.35:1 (CinemaScope, anamorphic widescreen)
  • Imax
leader negative image vs. positive image film footage

Lighting terms

Three-point lighting (lighting source):

  • key light
  • fill light
  • backlight

Types of lighting:

  • soft lighting
  • hard lighting
  • high key lighting (TV, comedy)
  • low key lighting (mystery, suspense, horror)
  • high contrast vs. low contrast

Other lighting options:

  • underlighting
  • side lighting
  • bottom lighting
  • catch light

Color options:

  • gels
  • filters
  • saturated color
  • desaturated color
  • tint
  • chiaroscuro
   

Camera terms and lenses

Types of lenses:

  • wide-angle lens
  • telephoto lens
  • zoom lens
  • fish-eye lens

Lens speeds:

  • slow
  • fast

Ways to control light and film exposure:

  • lens choice
  • aperture opening
  • shutter speed

focal length

depth of field

diffuser

 

Types of shots:

  • establishing shot
  • master shot
  • one-shot, two-shot, three-shot, etc.
  • insert
  • cutaway

Framing:

  • extreme closeup
  • closeup
  • medium shot
  • long shot
  • extreme long shot

Camera movement:

  • pan (panning shot)
  • swish pan
  • tilt shot
  • tracking shot
  • hand-held shot
  • zoom shot
  • following shot

Shot angles:

  • reverse shot or reverse angle
  • reaction shot
  • POV shot
  • high angle
  • low angle
  • bird's-eye view
  • Dutch angle

Camera support devices:

  • tripod
  • high hat (for low angle shots)
  • dolly
  • boom
  • crane
  • helicopter
  • Steadicam

Effects shots:

Focus choices:

  • selective focus
  • shallow focus
  • deep focus
  • rack focus

Framing choices:

  • tight framing
  • loose framing
limbo vs. empty space
long take vs. short take foreground vs. background day-for-night vs. actual night shooting